Students also have the opportunity to pursue fields in the history of the history of Jews in Eastern Europe. The East European history component of our program covers the history of the various peoples of East Central Europe from 1780 to the present, in particular the Poles, Czechs, Hungarians and Slovaks, along with the peoples and states of the Balkans. Graduate study of Modern Europe at the University of Washington is supported by close relationships with the Center for West European Studies, the European Union Center, and the program for Russian, Eastern European, and Central Asian Studies (REECAS), as well as the German Academic Exchange Service (DAAD) Professorship. They also participate in the History of Science and Comparative History divisions. University of Washington faculty specializing in the history of Modern Europe pursue a variety of themes in their teaching and research, including empire and migration, ethnicity and nationalism, history and memory, modernity and globalization, religion and political culture, the rise of consumer culture, the social consequences of industrialization, violence and terror, war and revolution, and women and gender. Graduate students may pursue specializations in the national histories of Britain and France as well as in comparative and thematically-organized transnational programs of study. Modern Europe concerns European history in its global context from the crisis of the European old regime to the present. Early modernists from across the humanities and social sciences also convene regularly under the auspices of the Early Modern Research Group, an interdisciplinary group of faculty and graduate students that hosts visiting lecturers and conferences and serves as a campus-wide forum for scholarly exchange. Graduate study in Early Modern European history is supported by our close relationship with other programs at the University of Washington, including the Center for West European Studies and other regional programs of the Jackson School for International Studies. Possible topics for graduate research and teaching include Renaissance and Counter-Reformation Italy the social history of the Protestant and Catholic Reformations the expansion of Renaissance Europe the European encounter with the Americas and the Ottoman Empire early modern globalization the Scientific Revolution the Baroque court urban history social and cultural history political culture. The research interests of the early modern faculty are varied and wide ranging.
Graduate students may pursue specializations in national histories as well as comparative and thematically-organized transnational programs. The European history division offers students the opportunity to engage in the study of both Western and Eastern Europe from the early modern period through the twentieth century.Įurope 1450-1789, or Early Modern Europe, covers a period that spans the dramatic European expansion associated with the Renaissance-economic, political, imperial, and above all cultural transformations-and the crisis of the Old Regime that culminated in the French Revolution. Center for the Study of the Pacific Northwest.In the absence of retirement pensions, what mattered in most people's lives was their functional capacity, rather than strict chronological age. Yet this cultural attitude had only limited impact on social reality. In various other texts as well, 60 and not 40 is the indicator of old age.
#Medieval times years trial#
In all the legislative texts which granted age-linked exemptions from military service, trial by battle, service on the town watches, and various other public duties such as payment of taxes or obligatory work, these were granted to those of 60 or 70 years of age. Yet the same medieval writers in writings written for other purposes, and in other moods would not always present themselves as old though they were older than 40.
Several medieval scholars and artists declared at the age of 40 that they were already old claims are made by such persons even in the nineteenth and twentieth centuries.
In some of these schemes it begins indeed, at 40 but in others its onset is at 35, 45, 50, 60, or 72. In schemes for the division of the life-course into stages old-age begins over a wide range of ages. Contrary to the accepted view that people in the Middle Ages and the Renaissance were considered old from their forties, in fact they were classified as old between the ages of 60 and 70.
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